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The Pritikin Edge: 10 Essential Ingredients for a Long and Delicious Life, by Dr. Robert A. Vogel, Paul Tager Lehr

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We Americans may reside in the greatest nation on earth, but our lifestyle is killing us. Onequarter of us still smoke, two-thirds of us are fat, three-quarters of us don't exercise, and stress and depression are ubiquitous. We wolf down oversize portions of fast food in minutes and boast of not having taken a vacation in years. We get misinformation like "olive oil is healthy" but then get fatter because drizzling three tablespoons of oil on a salad adds as many calories as two scoops of premium ice cream. Despite all our advances in drugs and surgery, obesity and the diseases it causes have shortened life expectancy; this is the first time in history that children can expect to die younger than their parents.

The Pritikin Program was the first comprehensive lifestyle program in America, and after fifty years on the cutting edge of lifestyle science, it is still the longest-running, most successful program for reversing many of modern society's diseases, including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. What sets Pritikin apart from the myriad of other diets is that its program is based on real science. Pritikin doesn't make random claims or base advice on half-truths or fads; Pritikin's effectiveness has been proven and documented in more than 110 scientific studies.

You've picked up this book because you want to change your lifestyle, improve your health, and live longer, and with the program in these pages, you can start reversing the effects of years of unhealthy living today.

Here you'll find the ten simple lifestyle ingredients that will change your life. Stick with them and you'll lose weight without feeling hungry, your energy will surge, and you will look and feel healthier and stronger than you have in years. Included are more than 75 recipes for flavorful and healthful dishes, detailed meal plans, and tips for dining out healthfully and happily. You'll learn what kinds of physical activities are most effective and how to make the most of your time on the road or in the gym. You'll get sets of simple exercises you can do anywhere that will make you strong, help you shed fat, and keep you toned. The real science of lifestyle and heart health, from fat molecules to heart attacks, is described in accessible terms, and popular diet myths are debunked. You'll find out why lowcarbohydrate or other fad diets won't help you lose weight in the long run and why they won't improve your overall health.

The Pritikin Edge gives you the real facts so you can take control of your health and add years to your life and quality to your years. Once you begin living with these principles, you'll wonder how you ever lived any other way.

• Sales Rank: #307911 in Books
• Published on: 2008-09-23
• Ingredients: Example Ingredients
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.25" h x 1.22" w x 6.13" l, 1.75 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 400 pages

Review
"As a food journalist, I review every different diet and lifestyle program every year and I have no doubt that the best is The Pritikin Edge; it is the perfect guidebook for people, including baby boomers like me, who want to follow the path to good health for the rest of their lives." -- Phil Lempert , The Supermarket Guru, NBC's Today Show

"Pritikin is one of the most scientifically proven and effective lifestyle programs anywhere. I highly recommend it." -- Dean Ornish, M.D., author of The Spectrum and clinical professor of medicine, University of California, San Francisco

"To achieve my maximum level of fitness, Pritikin is the perfect nutrition and lifestyle plan." -- Amy Yoder-Begley, 2008 U.S. Olympic Team, women's 10,000-meter run

"Whenever I need to get back down to 147 for a welterweight title defense, the Pritikin approach is the best and healthiest way to do it." -- Bob Costas, NBC/HBO broadcaster

"Pritikin is not just about looking your best; it's about feeling your best. It is something you definitely take with you." -- Adrienne Vittadini, American fashion designer

"The Pritikin Program, pioneer for the last 50 years and proven in more than 110 studies in leading medical journals, is a must to live the healthiest life we can. After years of helping celebrities and CEOs, the Pritikin Program is now neatly packaged in a fabulous new book -- The Pritikin Edge. Oh, and I don't want to forget to mention those recipes -- they're awesome." -- Charles Stuart Platkin, author of the nationally syndicated column Diet Detective

"Run, don't walk, to Pritikin! That's what I tell people who ask me what program delivers results for lasting weight loss and health and lifestyle changes. Pritikin changes -- and even saves -- lives." -- Susie Ellis, president, SpaFinder, Inc.

"Staying at Pritikin is the best thing I've done for myself in years." -- Tim Zagat, chairman and CEO, Zagat Survey

"The food at Pritikin tastes great and you can follow the program in the real world, and that's saying something for a steakhouse guy like me. Pritikin works, not only short term, but long term." -- John Timothy Gannon, cofounder, Outback Steakhouse, Inc.

About the Author
Dr. Robert A. Vogel is a cardiologist, Pritikin's chief medical director, and professor of medicine at the University of Maryland. He has been designated as one of the best doctors in America by Good Housekeeping magazine and is a weight and heart consultant to the National Football League and a diet consultant to the National Health Institute.

Son of Pritikin cofounder Dr. David Lehr, Paul Tager Lehr is the president of the Pritikin Organization, which has helped more than 100,000 people worldwide who have gone to the Pritikin Longevity Center & Spa and the 10 million plus readers of Pritikin books lose weight and prevent and reverse obesity, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

1
Lifestyle and Heart Disease

You know Bill. At 58 years old, a strapping six feet two inches tall and 220 pounds with a full head of silver hair, he was outwardly the picture of power and health. He received great medical care. He jogged and golfed frequently. But just like most Americans, Bill loved food -- especially fatty, spicy, salty food. His typical American extra pounds pushed his blood pressure, sugar, and LDL (bad) cholesterol too high and dropped his HDL (good) cholesterol too low. He lived with chronic stress, big time. None of his numbers were awful, but every warning sign was there.

One day Bill had chest pain. The next week, his quadruple coronary bypass was all over the news, because Bill is President Bill Clinton. Yes, even American presidents can get heart disease. Since his wake-up call, Mr. Clinton has changed his lifestyle quite a bit. He is now off the ribs and fries and is working hard to do his part to prevent heart disease in this country.

Improving your lifestyle after a heart attack or bypass surgery is certainly a step in the right direction, but wouldn't it be so much better to do so before you end up in the coronary care unit or surgical suite? Or worse, the morgue? Our guests at the Pritikin Longevity Center sometimes complain that they don't have enough time to exercise. We remind them that they will have plenty of time to exercise, but not much inclination after they are dead.

Heart disease is a great barometer of a lousy lifestyle. Wherever heart disease is epidemic, so are obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, stroke, and diabetes. Obviously, few people are heeding the early warning signs, because I don't know any fellow cardiologists looking for more work. We live in fear of cancer, but heart disease is still the number-one killer in America. I wish I could tell you how to avoid most cancers. Sadly, I can't. But I can tell you how to prevent most heart disease simply by changing your lifestyle. Some cancers may even be avoided by these same lifestyle changes. What you eat, how often you exercise, how you manage your stress...it all matters, and it's all easier to improve than you might think.

THE 10 ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS OF THE PRITIKIN PROGRAM

In this book, you will learn the 10 essential ingredients of the Pritikin Program. These 10 Pritikin essentials deal with diet, exercise, and emotional wellness. By adopting these lifestyle practices, as thousands of our patients and participants have, you will get back the seven years of life you might otherwise lose to heart disease. (By the way, if seven years doesn't seem important to you right now, imagine how much more important they will seem to you when you're 75.) You will learn how to lose weight permanently without feeling hungry, to cook really tasty, heart-healthy food, the best ways to be physically active, and how to sidestep stress. You will learn the real science of lifestyle and heart health, so that you are able to make choices every single day that will contribute to your wellness and enable you to live a long, delicious life.

You'll learn much more in Part Two about the specifics of the 10 essential ingredients of the Pritikin Program, but here is a quick glance:

1. Healthy, satisfying eating starts with super salads, soups, whole grains, and fruit.
2. Eliminate high-calorie beverages.
3. Trim portions of calorie-dense foods.
4. Snack smarter.
5. Forget fast food; dine unrefined.
6. Watch less, walk more.
7. Go lean on meat, but catch a fish.
8. Shake your salt habit.
9. Don't smoke your life away.
10. Step around stress.

Adopting one or two of these essential lifestyle practices is okay, but optimal health requires that you follow the whole program. Why? Because obesity, inactivity, heart disease, and emotions are intricately connected. Couch potatoes tend to be depressed; depressed people eat more; people who eat more gain weight; those who gain weight tend to sack out on the couch rather than exercise; lack of exercise contributes to heart disease; heart disease can trigger depression...you get the picture. You may already be following several lifestyle essentials, but now is your chance to complete the program and get all seven years back, not to mention being able to more fully enjoy your life right here and now.

THE PRITIKIN PHILOSOPHY

The Pritikin Program is simple, thorough, and most of all, smart. No gimmicks, fads, pseudo-science, or rhetoric here. The philosophy is based on five main points:

• prevented through lifestyle changes.
• Emotional wellness and heart healthiness are intricately connected.
• Wellness is much more than the absence of illness.
• Complex health problems do not have simple solutions.
• Illness and wellness are global issues: they affect families, communities, and nations.

Lifestyle Changes versus Medication

I love sushi. Almost every day while we had a sushi bar in our hospital, I would eat ahi along with a green salad. One day, without notice, the sushi bar disappeared; it seems it wasn't making the hospital money. After all, why lose money selling tasty food that just might prevent heart disease when you can get paid a great deal to treat it? Sayonara, sushi bar. Did I complain? You bet! Now it's back.

This story illustrates the paradox of our unhealthy culture and medical care. When we become ill, we immediately turn to drugs to fix the consequences of a poor lifestyle. We focus on fixing a problem after we've created it, rather than trying to prevent it altogether.

Pop a pill, or hop on the treadmill -- which is easier? Taking a pill, of course. Which is better? Hands down, preventing the illness that mandates the pill in the first place through healthy living. When we change our lifestyle, we not only negate the need for costly medications, we lessen our risk of developing a myriad of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, arthritis, and depression, not to mention heart disease, because these common afflictions share many of the same root causes.

I readily admit I will use medications in my practice to lower cholesterol in patients who will not change their lifestyle or for whom this change is not enough. But time and again, I've seen that my patients who do lower their cholesterol through diet and exercise rather than medication look and feel better. Yes, they have to put in a little more time and effort than it takes to pry the top off a pill bottle, but the quality of their lives is far superior. They are more physically fit, emotionally engaged, and energized by their ability to improve their well-being.

Prescriptions or Power Walks? Consider This:

• Most lifestyle changes are free, or very inexpensive. Salads are still cheaper than any prescription drug.
• You don't need preapproval from an HMO to go for a long walk.
• Lifestyle changes have few negative side effects. You don't have to worry about mixing good habits, and I have never had a patient allergic to walking.
• The most valuable lifestyle changes have no drug substitutes. As yet, we have not been able to capture all the benefits of friendship and love in a pill.

Emotions and Heart Disease

Our metaphorical "heart," from which we feel love and affection, and our physical heart are actually one and the same. How you feel can absolutely affect your cardiovascular health. As we like to say at Pritikin, a happy life equals a happy heart.

Depressed people tend to eat poorly, smoke more frequently, and exercise rarely -- all major contributors to heart disease. There is a lot of research that shows depression and anger increase the chronic factors that contribute to heart disease, most specifically inflammation and a decrease in protective chemicals like nitric oxide (more on this in Chapter 2). And, not surprisingly, the relationship works both ways: depression and anger frequently follow heart attacks and bypass surgery.

Can you die of a broken heart? Absolutely. Faced with sudden emotional stress, your heart can actually stop pumping effectively. Learning about the death or illness of a loved one can do it; this is literally called "broken heart syndrome." In response to extreme stress or grief, an outpour of adrenaline and related hormones can stun the heart, mimicking a heart attack.

Fortunately, though, the same holds true in reverse. Upbeat emotions and heart healthiness are also intricately connected. It has been proven that watching 30 minutes of a humorous video relaxes your blood vessels. Socially and spiritually connected people, such as churchgoers and others who are socially active, tend to live healthier lifestyles and thus experience less heart disease. In one of the best-known studies of cardiac health, the Normative Aging Study done in VA hospitals, it was shown that optimistic men actually have few heart attacks.

There's another component to the link between emotions and heart health: think about how your self-image improves with weight loss and the joy of shopping for slimmer clothes. I know of few compliments more welcome in our society than being told that you look like you lost weight. (By the way, I've come to learn that the only correct answer to your wife's question of whether a dress makes her look fat is, "How could it, dear?")

Wellness versus Absence of Illness

Just like illness, health and wellness come in degrees. You may not be ill, but can you run a 6-minute mile -- or even a 12-minute mile? You may not be depressed, but are you truly happy? You may not have had a heart attack or stroke yet, but do you really think that all those double cheeseburgers and French fries have not done you any damage?

We call heart disease the silent killer. You usually feel fine the day before a heart attack or stroke, but you are really a coronary time bomb. Did you know that 85 percent of 50-year-old people have blockage in the arteries of their hearts without any symptoms? It is a traged...

Most helpful customer reviews

18 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Must read - add years to your life
By Susan
Pritikin simply works.
It is amazing how easy it is to follow.
Loved the book - it changed my life.
For once a eating plan -not a fad diet - that makes sense and is easy to follow. I wish this was required reading in our schools - it is the answer to our obesity epidemic.
Only goes to show: Beyond all the hype is common sense.
Well written and very clear, easy to understand.

26 of 32 people found the following review helpful.
Helpful information, even for healthy young people, Terrible recipes
By HMarten
I found a lot of helpful information in this book. Heart disease is explained in a clear manner, and this book is an easy read because the author is so darn funny. I have so many favorite lines from this book. I was seriously cracking up while I read the book (and read it in a day off work, btw--very fast read). I do not follow everything to a T--I still salt my food, but I use less salt and I use almost no prepackaged food at all. I do look at sodium content now. I also buy reduced fat cheese, too. Pritikin suggests nonfat cheese, though. I would feel deprived if I followed all of the diet ideas perfectly. Instead, I look at my healthy vegetarian diet through new eyes and see where I can make it healthier, but still satisfying and delicious. My husband appreciated that Pritikin is scientifically based and has so many studies done on it. One caveat--I am not a fan of the recipes. I'd rather not eat than eat awful food! I am very picky, though. And I'm not a fan of fat and sugar substitutes--I say just use less of the real thing!

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
great book,giving common sense solutions to health problems
By MaryAnn G.
This is a great book, giving a common sense solution to cure today's health problems through subtle lifestyle changes. If everyone would follow the advice in this book our country would not have an obesity, diabetes, and heart disease epidemic.
I found it an easy read, not boring as most health guides seem to be, this book kept my interest and made it look simple to lead a healthy life style.
I recommend it to anyone who wants to live longer and not fear heart attacks.

See all 46 customer reviews...

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^ Free PDF FDR and Chief Justice Hughes: The President, the Supreme Court, and the Epic Battle Over the New Deal, by James F. Simon

Free PDF FDR and Chief Justice Hughes: The President, the Supreme Court, and the Epic Battle Over the New Deal, by James F. Simon

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FDR and Chief Justice Hughes: The President, the Supreme Court, and the Epic Battle Over the New Deal, by James F. Simon

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By the author of acclaimed books on the bitter clashes between Jefferson and Chief Justice Marshall on the shaping of the nation’s constitutional future, and between Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney over slavery, secession, and the presidential war powers. Roosevelt and Chief Justice Hughes's fight over the New Deal was the most critical struggle between an American president and a chief justice in the twentieth century.

The confrontation threatened the New Deal in the middle of the nation’s worst depression. The activist president bombarded the Democratic Congress with a fusillade of legislative remedies that shut down insolvent banks, regulated stocks, imposed industrial codes, rationed agricultural production, and employed a quarter million young men in the Civilian Conservation Corps. But the legislation faced constitutional challenges by a conservative bloc on the Court determined to undercut the president. Chief Justice Hughes often joined the Court’s conservatives to strike down major New Deal legislation.

Frustrated, FDR proposed a Court-packing plan. His true purpose was to undermine the ability of the life-tenured Justices to thwart his popular mandate. Hughes proved more than a match for Roosevelt in the ensuing battle. In grudging admiration for Hughes, FDR said that the Chief Justice was the best politician in the country. Despite the defeat of his plan, Roosevelt never lost his confidence and, like Hughes, never ceded leadership. He outmaneuvered isolationist senators, many of whom had opposed his Court-packing plan, to expedite aid to Great Britain as the Allies hovered on the brink of defeat. He then led his country through World War II.

• Sales Rank: #1047485 in Books
• Published on: 2012-02-07
• Released on: 2012-02-07
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.25" h x 1.50" w x 6.25" l, 1.57 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 480 pages

Review
“A spectacular book, brilliantly conceived and executed – an illuminating window into the question of the ages: Who has the power? The President, Congress or the Supreme Court?”

—Bob Woodward

“Franklin Roosevelt once called Charles Evans Hughes the finest politician in the United States. In this marvelously written, meticulously researched study, James F. Simon demonstrates why that was so. He also shows that except for their brief confrontation in 1937, in which Hughes prevailed, these two former governors of New York shared a deep affection for one another. Together they led the United States into the modern era.”

—Jean Edward Smith, author of FDR and John Marshall: Definer of a Nation

“The story of this relationship, as historically significant as any between a President and Chief Justice, is brilliantly unfurled by James Simon. Fresh, often moving, and hugely readable, it's a textbook case of statesmanship - and politics - at both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue."

—Richard N. Smith, author of The Colonel: The Life and Legend of Robert R. McCormick

Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., on Lincoln and Chief Justice Taney:

“James F. Simon has written an exciting and notable book where Abraham Lincoln and Roger B. Taney, the president and the chief justice, two men of the highest intelligence and passionate judgment, argued the future of this democratic republic.”

Joseph J. Ellis, The New York Times Book Review on What Kind of Nation: Thomas Jefferson and John Marshall:
“A study of the political and legal struggle between these icons of American history….A major contribution….A model of the narrative history written by someone who knows the law.”

About the Author
James F. Simon is the Martin Professor of Law and Dean Emeritus at New York Law School. He is the author of seven previous books on American history, law, and politics, including What Kind of Nation: Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, and the Epic Struggle to Create a United States, and lives with his wife in West Nyack, New York.

Most helpful customer reviews

21 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Court Packing, FDR, and the Chief
By Ronald H. Clark
This is the latest of many books on the important court packing episode of 1937. However, it is much more than that. In its 436 pages (including notes), the author also effectively describes how the Presidency v. Supreme Court confrontation developed as the Court passed upon numerous significant New Deal measures. Most uniquely, the author has encased this discussion within a joint biography of FDR and Chief Justice Hughes. In fact, it is not until around page 233 that Roosevelt is situated as president and Hughes as Chief Justice. And then after the defeat of the court "reform" proposal, the author continues to follow out the lives of the two protagonists who were also (both having been former governors of New York) good friends.

Most other studies of court packing (and I have reviewed a number on Amazon) focus on Congressional developments and FDR's maneuvering. One of the great virtues of this book is that focuses extensively on Chief Justice Hughes as the key opponent of the plan, not Congress. It is generally recognized that a letter drafted by Hughes (with help from Justices Brandeis and Van Devanter) sent to the Senate Judiciary Committee, powerfully refuting FDR's claim that the Court was behind in its work and needed more Justices, really was crucial in defeating the proposal. The author is correct to make this episode the centerpiece of the book, and to examine it in depth. Hence the juxtaposition of FDR v. Hughes. This approach has both strengths and limitations.

Its principal benefit is that it introduces this remarkable Chief Justice to newer generations who might never even have heard of him before. The last major biography of Hughes I recall appeared in 1952, shortly after his death in 1948. Since then, Hughes has been largely forgotten, despite his extensive service as Governor of New York, Supreme Court Associate Justice, 1916 GOP presidential candidate against Wilson, Secretary of State, architect of the 1924 Washington arms control conference, president of the American Bar Association, and of course Chief Justice. Most everyone knows something about FDR; now Hughes reclaims his rightful place in American history as well.

The disadvantage of the book's approach is that its length, inter-weaving of multiple themes, and extensive detail may unfortunately discourage the very folks who ought to read it from doing so. Offsetting this is that the author, James F. Simon, has written previously some outstanding studies of the Court and its Justices (including Black, Frankfurter and especially William O. Douglas), and he really knows how to put an effective historical narrative together. So, do not be put off by the heft of this important book; reading it brings a rich treasure trove of historical rewards.

10 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
By trying to do too much, ends up not doing anything - Don't waste your time!
By D.L.
FDR and Chief justice Hughes: The President, the Supreme Court, and the Epic Battle Over the New Deal is another book covering the New Deal and FDR's relationship with the Supreme Court (the others being Supreme Power by Jeff Shesol and Scorpions by Noah Feldman). As the title implies, there is a lot going on in this book...too much.

Simon tries to do too much with his book. Whereas Supreme Power focused on FDR's struggle with the Supreme Court and Scorpions dealt with the justices that FDR appointed to the Supreme Court, Simon essentially tries to combine Supreme Power, a brief biography of FDR and a brief biography of Chief Justice Hughes. Because he splits the narrative between Hughes and FDR, he is unable to give adequate attention to both. It is very choppy in its narrative (although more substantive discussion can be found in those other books).

The book implies that it will focus on the Supreme Court battle (similar to Supreme Power) and the relationship between the Chief Justice and the President. However, the author's attempt at comprehensiveness results in a dreadfully slow narrative that undermines the book's title. Chief Justice Hughes isn't even confirmed until p. 180. Then it's another 33 pages before FDR is even nominated and 7 more after that before he is elected president. FDR doesn't get sworn in as the President until p. 232 and FDR and the Court don't butt heads until Justice Roberts strikes down the Railroad Retirement Act of 1933 on p. 257 and the NRA on p. 262. And it's not until p. 308 that Roosevelt's court packing plans are described in any real detail. It takes the author more than 3/4 of his book to get to the point. The "Epic Battle Over the New Deal" that the book jacket advertises takes up only the last 3 chapters.

The author manufactures an "epic battle" - Hughes and FDR never butted heads in person. FDR made several comments in speeches about the Court and a few about Hughes, but Hughes never disparaged FDR in public (although he did undercut the premise for the court packing plan that the justices were too old to keep up with their work, but he never directly criticized the plan). This is interesting since the author states that FDR considered Hughes "his most dangerous, implacable enemy."

On top of the frustratingly slow pass, the author shifted his tone and style for the last chapter of the book. The Epilogue chapter should be more aptly titled Commentary as it diverts from the books historical narrative and exposes how Simon feels about his subject and the historical events contained in his book. This leads him to criticizing Harlan Fiske Stone's tenure as Chief Justice without any real justification for doing so. (According to the author, Stone's inability to tightly control the speed of debate at weekly judicial conferences meant he could not lead.) He also effusively praises Hughes as one of the greatest Chief Justices of all time (second only to Chief Justice John Marshall). Also notably absent is whether or not FDR or Hughes had any relationship whatsoever after Hughes stepped down or how Hughes felt about FDR's death. Hughes is written out of the story with a simple line that he died 3 years after his wife. I felt like the author got sloppy at the end.

In addition to the sloppy ending, there are careless misspellings, misplaced or wrong punctuation used throughout. While not normally a stickler for proper grammar and punctuation, these errors were so glaring that they distracted from a smooth reading in several places.

Some things I found interesting:
FDR had great respect for Hughes early on - especially admired him as Secretary of State (although after he resigned he criticized his policies...policies that actually reflected FDR's own beliefs)
FDR greatly respected Hoover (before he became president) and in 1920 was even mentioned as a possible running mate for Hoover if Hoover was a Democrat (no one knew what he was until he stated that he was a Republican)
Prior to FDR, presidents-elect simply said "I do" at the end of the oath of office. FDR established the tradition of reciting the entire oath of office.

An interesting read, but you can (and should) get the information other places.

Why You Should Read It
There are a lot of parallels between the US now and in late 1920s and the 30s.
Obama had a similar relationship with Bush as FDR and Hoover.
Obama may be running against the Court the same way that FDR ran against the Court.
Obama and Roberts are opposites ideologically, but have similar upbringings - Ivy League educated, Harvard Law School
Will be more interesting to someone approaching the topic for the first time. If you've gone to law school, read other books about the New Deal, FDR, or the Supreme Court during this time period, then this book will be a waste of your time as it adds little original material to the subject.

FINAL RECOMMENDATION: DON'T READ THIS! FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE NEW DEAL AND THE COURTS, READ SCORPIONS & SUPREME POWER INSTEAD. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT HUGHES OR FDR, READ THEIR BIOS.

5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Two Men and a Turning Point for the Constitution
By H. P.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's court-packing scheme and the "switch in time that saved nine" have been immortalized in American history. They mark a turning point in the New Deal and American constitutional law. The account of law professor James Simon stands out in its focus on Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the extensive survey of the major cases leading up to the "switch in time," and its focus on the role of the Supreme Court in thwarting the court-packing scheme.

Simon starts with sketch biographies of Hughes and FDR and begins interweaving their stories as they both enter public life. He then turns his attention to the big battles between the Court and the president, with particular focus on each man.

Hughes served as governor of New York, Associate Justice on the Supreme Court, Secretary of State, judge on the International Court of Justice, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He was also the Republican nominee for president in 1916. The son of a Welsh immigrant, Hughes went on to graduate in the top of his class from Columbia Law, briefly teach law at Cornell, and become one of NY's leading lawyers. He made his reputation largely on the strength of his performance as counsel for two state senate investigative committees. FDR's bio is likely familiar to most readers. What most struck me is how poorly FDR compared to Hughes. Hughes came from modest circumstances, excelled as a student, built a successful professional career with talent and hard work, and added integrity and a zeal for reform to make his political career. FDR was a member of one of NYC's leading old-money families, had a distant cousin in the Whitehouse, and rose through the New York political world primarily by affability and canny political skills. He also had a penchant for exaggeration.

Hughes argued 25 cases before the Supreme Court between his failed presidential run (and after having already served as Associate Justice) and his appointment as Secretary of State. He showed a progressive streak. He successfully argued that actions by striking workers did not violate the Sherman Antitrust Act because they didn't affect interstate commerce. Long before Joseph McCarthy, he successfully argued the cases of 5 state legislators from the Socialist Party barred from the NY state legislature because of their political views. He identified three self-inflicted wounds by the Supreme Court: Dred Scott, and two times the Court reversed decisions it had only recently made.

Hughes reentered as chief justice a Court embroiled in an increasingly contentious philosophical battle. The conservative wing of the Court--justices Butler, McReynolds, Sutherland, and Van Devanter--believed that Congress could only legitimately exercise the powers enumerated in the Constitution and that both Congress and state legislatures were restrained from abrogating individual (including economic) rights by the 5th and 14th Amendments. The progressive wing of the Court--justices Brandeis, Stone, and Cardozo--believed in great deference to legislatures and did not believe the 5th and 14th Amendments protected economic rights. Hughes and Justice Roberts became the swing justices.

Things really heat up 3/5ths of the way through as challenges to New Deal legislation passed during FDR's famous first 100 days in office begin to trickle up to the Supreme Court. But Simon starts with discussion of a case--Blaisdell--challenging a state statute providing foreclosure relief. Hughes wrote for a 5-4 majority upholding the law, rather ominously stating, "While an emergency does not create power, an emergency may furnish the occasion for the exercise of power." It is after the Blaisdell case that a newspaper article gives us our first hint that FDR was already considering the court-packing option.

The Court then upheld a NY law fixing the price of milk, notable both because it came only 2 years after the Court struck down a Oklahoma permitting scheme for the ice industry and because it was written by Roberts. Roberts eviscerated the earlier decision by redefining the phrase "affected with a public interest" to "an industry, for adequate reason, is subject to control for a public good." The Court addressed federal regulation in a challenge to the NIRA petroleum code. The virtually untrammeled power the bill gave the president over the oil industry made it an easy case, and the justices voted 8-1 to strike down the provision as an unconstitutional delegation of congressional power.

In Perry, a challenge to a congressional statute invalidating public and private contracts requiring payment of debts in gold presented a more vexing question. On one hand, overturning the law threatened to bankrupt the US. On the other, the federal government was both meddling in people's private dealings and attempting to renege on its own obligations. The Court--again with Hughes speaking for a 5-member majority--declared that Congress had the constitutional authority to nullify private contracts but not to alter the explicit terms of public contracts. But in a striking bit of judicial disingenuousness, Hughes decided that to actually enforce the contract would provide "unjust enrichment." (Hughes apparently did not deign to explain how making a contract payable in a certain commodity and then profiting when the value of that commodity went up was "unjust.") FDR was exultant.

FDR's pleasure with the Court was not to last. In another 5-4 decision, with Roberts writing for the majority, the Court struck down the Railroad Retirement Act. Roberts evidently saw the Act as the sort of health and welfare regulation reserved to the states rather than a valid exercise of federal power under the Commerce Clause. In dissent, Hughes accused Roberts of putting his personal policy preferences above good constitutional law. He undermined his own point by analogizing the Act to state workers' compensation schemes (a very valid comparison from a policy perspective; not so much from a constitutional law perspective). FDR was more annoyed than irate, but the Court released three more rebukes on the same day scolding the president for exceeding his authority in an FTC Commissioner, declaring a change to the federal bankruptcy code unconstitutional, and gutting the NIRA (Schechter Poultry). All three were unanimous.

The NIRA likely represented the high water mark in American central economic planning, and the Schechters' attorney suggested (in terms that should sound familiar to the modern reader) that upholding the law would open the door to Congress taking "charge of all human activity." By the government's own admission, the NIRA absurdly defined "unfair competition" implicitly as "what the industry considers unfair." Here was a perfect storm: a terribly designed act from a policy perspective that was also a massive aggrandizement of power by Congress and the President (even Justice Brandeis, solidly in the progressive bloc, privately chastised members of the administration for overreliance on central planning). Hughes's opinion found fault with the NIRA both as an unconstitutional delegation of power to the president and as exceeding Congress's constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause. For the latter, he drew a distinction between direct and indirect effects, reviving a defunct constitutional doctrine. FDR angrily denounced it as a "horse-and-buggy definition of interstate commerce."

FDR's Second Hundred Days relied noticeably less on central planning than his first, but next before the Court was another key, early piece of New Deal legislation. The Agriculture Adjustment Act spurred an incredible 1,700+ lawsuits, and well over 2,000 people showed up when the issue came before the Court in US v. Butler. Notably, Hughes suggested in conference that the AAA violated the seldom-used 10th Amendment reserving powers to the states. But Roberts wrote an opinion for a 6-justice majority focusing on what he saw as limitations to the Taxing and Spending Clause. Justice Stone shot back in dissent that the power to spend went necessarily along with the power to tax as a part of the larger power of the purse. He also accused the majority of passing judgment on the wisdom of the legislation as a matter of policy rather than constitutional law.

Butler perhaps represented a breaking point for a Court under enormous pressure. Stone took obvious umbrage at Roberts's majority opinion and pulled no punches in his dissent. Roberts took offense, but Hughes refused to intervene. Stone's emotions visibly flared when he read his dissent in open court (as Justice Stevens's would decades later reading his dissent in Citizens United). The attorney general passed on false gossip that Hughes had been willing to follow Roberts's vote to avoid another 5-4 decision overturning a law. Stone intimated to Felix Frankfurter he felt Hughes lacked vision and a willingness to trust his "own intellectual processes." As farm prices dropped in reaction, the justices were hung in effigy and politicians decried the decision as political. FDR hinted at simply ignoring Supreme Court decisions to a cabinet secretary. A very narrow holding crafted by Hughes upholding the TVA did little to tamp down the heat. Members of the administration and New Deal congressman began discussing imposing age limits on the justices. A journalist argued the same by citing an old suggestion along those lines by Hughes himself (Hughes wrote the journalist in response that he wanted to keep justices who maintained their intellectual rigor, apparently without addressing the rather enormous problem of who would decide that). The Court again constricted Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, overturning coal mining regulation under a manufacturing-commerce (as well as direct-indirect) distinction despite 97% of coal being sold across state lines (Hughes wrote a separate opinion agreeing with in part, disagreeing in part, and suggesting the people might want a constitutional amendment to "give Congress the power to regulate industries within the State"). After Hughes wrote a separate opinion in another case, Brandeis observed that Hughes had "no control over the Court." A decision invalidating a state minimum wage law for women--Morehead v. Tipaldo--was widely condemned.

FDR was easily reelected and the Democrats expanded their majority in Congress. The Court was now under serious threat. Rumors of a court-packing scheme persisted, and a number of proposals to rein in the Court were introduced in Congress. A polemic entitled The Nine Old Men labeled Hughes "the most pathetic figure on the Supreme Court." Simon suggests Hughes influenced Roberts's votes in that term with a short visit to his country estate. That may well be the case; it was Roberts's vote allowed the Court to narrowly uphold NY's unemployment law. He voted in conference to uphold Washington's minimum wage law for women in West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, despite his earlier contrary vote in Tipaldo. Hughes chose to delay the Court's formal decision in West Coast Hotel so one of the progressive justices could return and provide an extra vote. While they waited, the Court confirmed the president had broad power over foreign policy, upheld a law banning the sale across state lines of harnesses manufactured by convicts, upheld a bankruptcy code provision subordinating landlords' claims to those of shareholders, and overturned the conviction of a Communist activist by combined votes of 35-1.

Nonetheless, FDR began seriously discussing a court-packing scheme with his attorney general. FDR also rather oddly decided that Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall, and pretty much every constitutional scholar were wrong that the courts had the power to overrule an act of Congress. FDR publicly criticized the Court in his State of the Union address (much as Obama later would). When FDR announced his court-packing scheme, he referenced an overloaded judiciary and "aged and infirm judges" and quoted Hughes (out of context) in explanation. FDR fully expected the public to support him. They did not (notably, the opposition included civil libertarians happy with the Court's record protecting individual rights). A national poll quickly showed a majority of Americans disapproved of his scheme. FDR marshaled his considerable talents for wholesale politicking in response. Hughes considered testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee, but both Brandeis and Justice Van Devanter thought it unbecoming. Instead, Hughes wrote a letter laying out in detail the Court's efficient disposition of cases. He kept his other feelings on the scheme close to his vest and refused media invitations.

With the West Coast Hotel decision in his back pocket, Hughes timed its announcement to the height of the uproar over the court-packing scheme and assigned the opinion to himself. It all but overruled the Court's recent decision in Tipaldo. The Court announced three other opinions favorable to the New Deal on the same day. Opponents of the Court were not assuaged. Frankfurter proclaimed to FDR that Roberts changed his vote for purely political reasons. A pundit later labeled it "the switch in time that saved nine." Two weeks later the Court upheld the constitutionality of the NLRB, and Hughes's opinion discarded the direct-indirect distinction he had only recently resurrected. The Court would not strike down a single piece of New Deal legislation that term.

FDR kept quiet about the Court publicly. Privately, FDR seemed angrier about what Hughes's NLRB opinion meant for his court-packing scheme than happy about what it meant for the New Deal. He demanded the scheme be reported out of the Judiciary Committee without recommendation. They refused, and it was reported out unfavorably. While the Committee was voting, FDR was reading a resignation letter from Van Devanter timed to take some of the wind out of the scheme's sails. FDR was again strangely displeased but countered by giving the Senate Majority Leader full control over the fight for the bill along with an implied promise of Van Devanter's seat. It proved all for naught. A scathing report from the Judiciary Committee paraphrasing Alexander Hamilton and a deviously timed vacation by FDR's VP (no friend to the scheme) combined to drive the final nail in its coffin. The scheme was quickly buried back in committee after the sudden death of the Majority Leader.

Simon disputes FDR's later assertion that he lost the battle but won the war. It was Hughes who won the war, Simon argues, by proving to be the cannier politician. And Hughes certainly did, as Simon shows, play an integral role in stopping the court-packing scheme and preserving the Court as an independent branch of the federal government. But where Simon sees a Court that "steered . . . away from outmoded constitutional interpretations," I see a Court that clumsily rendered a fundamental principle of the Constitution--that our federal government is one of enumerated powers--into a dead letter. It would perhaps be more accurate to say that FDR won that war and lost another. He replaced Van Devanter with the reliably progressive Hugo Black and went on to appoint 8 more justices. None would prove to be an enemy to the economic regulation and social welfare legislation (thankfully they would not be so deferential about civil rights). Congress, on the other hand, no longer feared FDR and it would be a noticeably tepid New Deal going forward (though the court-packing scheme was not FDR's only self-inflicted wound).

Simon wants Hughes to take his proper place as a giant of a justice. If you ask the average law student to name a justice from that period, they would name Cardozo, Black, and even Roberts before Hughes. Hughes's legal reasoning was sometimes muddled. He resurrected a defunct doctrine only to cast it away again a few years later. But he held together a deeply divided Court, and for that I agree with Simon that he deserves greater recognition. He was also a great, early defender of civil liberties.

This is a wonderfully timely book. The current Court received heavy criticism from the president and the press for its decision in Citizens United. Obamacare is one of the largest pieces of legislation since the New Deal, and to the shock of constitutional law scholars its constitutionality is under serious review, with circuit court decisions going both ways. The Court is again faced with that vexing question: just how far does Congress's power under the Commerce Clause extend? Simon wisely leaves it to the reader to draw these connections.

Simon paints his picture of this time with enough detail for lawyers and broad enough strokes for lay readers. He takes us deep inside the constitutional law of the day. A number of the cases discussed in depth are only mentioned in passing or are omitted entirely from Akhil Reed Amar's mammoth 1,856 page Con Law casebook.

Reference material makes up about 35% of the Kindle version and includes acknowledgments, illustrations, notes, index, illustration credits, and a quick bio of Simon. Both the notes and the index are hyperlinked to the main text. Unfortunately, the lack of endnotes prevents the reader from checking the notes from main text. I would have loved to check a few of his sources, but it's difficult with this setup on the Kindle. Simon frequently sticks parentheticals in footnotes, which are a pain to look at on the Kindle.

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With the compassion of Jodi Picoult and the medical realism of Atul Gawande, real-life anesthesiologist Carol Cassella’s riveting national bestseller seamlessly melds compelling women’s fiction and medical drama to create an “involving debut that’s just what the doctor ordered” (People).

Dr. Marie Heaton is an anesthesiologist at the height of her profession. She has worked, lived, and breathed her career since medical school, and she now practices at a top Seattle hospital. Marie has carefully constructed and constricted her life according to empirical truths, to the science and art of medicine. But when her tried-and-true formula suddenly deserts her during a routine surgery, she must explain the nightmarish operating room disaster and face the resulting malpractice suit. Marie’s best friend, colleague, and former lover, Dr. Joe Hillary, becomes her closest confidante as she twists through depositions, accusations and a remorseful preoccupation with the mother of the patient in question. As she struggles to salvage her career and reputation, Marie must face hard truths about the path she’s chosen, the bridges she’s burned, and the colleagues and superiors she’s mistaken for friends.

A quieter crisis is simultaneously unfolding within Marie’s family. Her aging father is losing his sight and approaching an awkward dependency on Marie and her sister, Lori. But Lori has taken a more traditional path than Marie and is busy raising a family. Although Marie has been estranged from her Texas roots for decades, the ultimate responsibility for their father’s care is falling on her.

As her carefully structured life begins to collapse, Marie confronts questions of love and betrayal, family bonds and the price of her own choices. Set against the natural splendor of Seattle, and inside the closed vaults of hospital operating rooms, Oxygen climaxes in a final twist that is as heartrending as it is redeeming.

• Sales Rank: #263567 in Books
• Brand: Simon & Schuster
• Published on: 2009-06-09
• Released on: 2009-06-09
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.44" h x .80" w x 5.50" l, .61 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 320 pages

Features

• Great product!

Review
"In Oxygen, Carol Cassella's taut novel, Dr. Marie Heaton, an assured anesthesiologist at the top of her game, is forced to face the personal and professional fallout from an operating room disaster. Marie finds herself on the losing end of dollars-and-cents medicine in a malpractice suit, questioning herself, her skills, her colleagues, and her life choices. I couldn't wait to race to the end to see how her story played out, and I wasn't disappointed." -- Lalita Tademy, author of Cane River

"A subtle, compelling plot that twists and twists again. This quickly becomes a book you cannot put down." -- The Dallas Morning News

"A finely crafted mystery, as well as a sparkling literary work." -- THE DENVER POST

"Like her protagonist, Carol Cassella has the heart of a poet and the mind of a physician; the result is a striking meditation on the complexities of love, the fragile miracle that is the human body and the burdens and blessings of being a healer." -- Stephanie Kallos, author of Broken for You

"More than just an assured debut novel, this book is a tour de force, as emotionally involving as it is intelligent. Carol Cassella writes with the clarity and precision that are the hallmarks of her other profession....The fine, sharp details of her portrait of a gifted doctor facing a devastating crisis will stay with you long after the book is closed." -- Susan Wiggs, author of Fireside and Just Breathe

" A startling plot twist, combined with Cassella's first-hand understanding of our ailing healthcare system, makes this involving debut just what the doctor ordered." -- PEOPLE

Review
"In Oxygen, Carol Cassella's taut novel, Dr. Marie Heaton, an assured anesthesiologist at the top of her game, is forced to face the personal and professional fallout from an operating room disaster. Marie finds herself on the losing end of dollars-and-cents medicine in a malpractice suit, questioning herself, her skills, her colleagues, and her life choices. I couldn't wait to race to the end to see how her story played out, and I wasn't disappointed."-- Lalita Tademy, author of Cane River

"A subtle, compelling plot that twists and twists again. This quickly becomes a book you cannot put down." -- The Dallas Morning News

"A finely crafted mystery, as well as a sparkling literary work." -- THE DENVER POST

"Like her protagonist, Carol Cassella has the heart of a poet and the mind of a physician; the result is a striking meditation on the complexities of love, the fragile miracle that is the human body and the burdens and blessings of being a healer." -- Stephanie Kallos, author of Broken for You

"More than just an assured debut novel, this book is a tour de force, as emotionally involving as it is intelligent. Carol Cassella writes with the clarity and precision that are the hallmarks of her other profession....The fine, sharp details of her portrait of a gifted doctor facing a devastating crisis will stay with you long after the book is closed." -- Susan Wiggs, author of Fireside and Just Breathe

" A startling plot twist, combined with Cassella's first-hand understanding of our ailing healthcare system, makes this involving debut just what the doctor ordered." -- PEOPLE

About the Author
Carol Cassella, MD, is a practicing anesthesiologist, novelist, and speaker. She majored in English literature at Duke University and attended Baylor College of Medicine. She is the bestselling author of the novels Gemini, Oxygen, and Healer, published by Simon & Schuster. Carol lives on Bainbridge Island, Washington, with her husband and two sets of twins. Visit the author at CarolCassella.com.

Most helpful customer reviews

116 of 122 people found the following review helpful.
A medical/legal drama reviewed by a doctor and a lawyer
By Anne Masterson
I am a lawyer and my father is a retired surgeon. We both read this book, so we can give views from both sides of the aisle.

I found this book painful to read for its woeful lack of any substantive knowledge of how the legal system actually works. Lawyers are portrayed very badly; essentially we are all Brooks Brother wearing, BMW driving, yacht owning sharks out to get the poor innocent doctors. As I spend more than fifty percent of my practice representing abused kids, I was offended by the caricature. It is difficult to list all the legal inaccuracies without major spoilers, but I shall divulge a few. In the book it takes an extraordinary long time for the autopsy on the girl to be completed (this was something my father also noted as unrealistic). Before the autopsy is concluded, a case has been brought, experts have been hired and deposed (which would be very expensive) and the doctors have all been deposed. It would be impossible to adequately prepare a case without knowing what the cause of death actually was.

Once it is revealed, Dr. Heaton is told that she may be facing potential criminal charges. Again, this would never happen! The only time a doctor would be charged is in the event of gross negligence, e.g., performing surgery while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. That was not the case here.

Dr. Heaton has a huge "woe is me" attitude about why this is happening to her when all she wants to do is help others. There are many references in the book of other characters (particularly her sister) telling her that her work is so much more important than anyone else's as she saves people. At one point the character refers to herself as God helping people.

My father liked the book better than I did and would probably give it three stars. He liked the use of correct medical terminology, but thought it would be a bit dense for the average person to understand. I concur with him on this point. He also liked the twist at the end which I won't reveal. However, he could not buy that an anesthesiologist was left holding the bag for a potential missed underlying medical problem. It was his position that the responsibility for a medical history lay with the surgeon and not the anesthesiologist and if there were an error, it would be on all of them.

In summary, if you are employed in either of professions, I do not believe you will be able to suspend your disbelief enough to buy this story. If you are a "layman" take everything with a grain of salt. However, ultimately the character of Marie was just not that likeable. All she did was mope about why this was happening to her. There is a subplot that involves her estranged father, but never explains the estrangement nor is the plot resolved. This was not an enjoyable book to read

101 of 107 people found the following review helpful.
"There has been a complication."
By E. Bukowsky
The protagonist of Carol Cassella's "Oxygen" is thirty-seven year old anesthesiologist Dr. Marie Heaton, a dedicated and conscientious physician. After introducing herself to her patients and reassuring them that they are in good hands, she administers drugs that bring about "a temporary loss of sensation, an absence of pain during ... otherwise painful procedure[s]." Marie loves her job, "its precision and focus, its balance of technical skill and judgment." For the past seven years, her excellent performance has earned her the respect of her colleagues at First Lutheran Hospital in Seattle, Washington. Although she is single and childless, Marie is too busy to dwell on her ticking biological clock and her anemic social life. She once had a fling with a fellow anesthesiologist, Joe Hillary. However, they decided to settle for a platonic friendship and are now best buddies rather than lovers.

Marie's life comes to a screeching halt when she administers anesthesia to an eight-year old girl named Jolene Jansen. For some inexplicable reason, Jolene's heart rate plummets and her blood loses its oxygen supply. Although Dr. Heaton tries every technique at her disposal to bring the child back, she fails. This devastating tragedy leads to sleepless nights during which Marie second-guesses herself, wondering what she could have done differently. She is also on tenterhooks waiting for the inevitable malpractice suit to be filed. Marie is raked over the coals by lawyers and members of the hospital board, but she is more concerned with Jolene's mother, Bobbie, who is disconsolate over her daughter's death.

This is a touching book about a courageous and compassionate woman who is nearly brought to her knees by a series of calamities. Cassella's descriptive writing is beautifully crafted and she thoughtfully explores the ways in which people either support or undermine one another. The events in this novel demonstrate how selfish and callous individuals bring untold misery to their friends, family, and coworkers. The author, who is an anesthesiologist, provides an insider's look into the political, legal, and human sides of modern hospital care. She also imbues the story with an added dimension by shedding light on Marie's personal life. Although she has deep affection for her younger sister, Lori, and her adolescent niece, Elsa, Marie has no idea how to cope with her seventy-nine year old father. He is a former history professor who is steadily losing his eyesight and his ability to function independently.

"Oxygen" is suspenseful and engrossing; it builds in intensity until it reaches its electrifying conclusion. Marie, the first person narrator, tells her account in the present tense with an intimacy that draws us in and keeps us invested in the outcome. The title is an elegant metaphor: Just as oxygen makes physical existence possible, so do productive work and love provide the psychological and spiritual sustenance that bring meaning and fulfillment to our lives.

28 of 30 people found the following review helpful.
OXYGEN is a great read with some juicy surprises.
By Bookreporter
Dr. Marie Heaton takes great pride and pleasure in guiding her patients into the land of Nod so they can have their gallbladder out, their knee replaced or their baby delivered without pain and often even without awareness. She loves her job until the unbearable happens --- an eight-year-old girl under her care dies in surgery, despite all her best efforts. The crisis leads her to question not only her professional competence but also her personal relationships. And yet, even as she carefully documents each methodical step she took and each drug she administered, she is haunted by inconsistencies.

This first-person narrative works on many levels --- as a mystery, as an exposé of the sometimes brutal juncture of the medical and legal professions, as a family drama, and as a romance of sorts. Marie has never found time for a husband. "I never meant to dam myself off from those. I just knew they would require careful scheduling." In the aftermath of the child's death she feels more alone than ever. Taking a painful leave of absence from her duties while the investigation proceeds, Marie faces a different sort of challenge --- her aging father's demise, and the realization that if she is ever going to mend her relationship with him, now is the time. Meanwhile, new knowledge comes to light through the child's autopsy that seems to implicate Marie even further. The hospital begins to back away from her, and there is the specter of criminal charges being filed against her, on top of the malpractice suit.

Through this difficult time, Marie takes some comfort in the rejuvenation of a former love affair with Joe, another anesthesiologist on the hospital staff. As their relationship heats up, more clues trickle in about the real cause of the child's death. Marie must uncover and face some unpleasant truths to clear her name.

This novel is written with a clear, even hand, and the reader feels like a part of the heady world of high-stakes surgery. Carol Cassella, a practicing anesthesiologist herself, shows skill in giving us enough medical detail to understand the nuances of the case without overwhelming us. Marie's guilt and her desire for the mother's forgiveness are well-drawn without being overdone. It would have been easy to get maudlin here, and I applaud the author for not doing so. (I think she's a much better writer than Jodi Picoult, with whom she is compared on the cover flap.) There are some great lines here, such as "It is our job to rage against the dying of the light."

Marie is an appealing character --- smart but compassionate, needy but not blinded by her needs. In the end she saves herself with some timely medical sleuthing, although the answers come at a high personal price. All in all, OXYGEN is a great read with some juicy surprises.

--- Reviewed by Eileen Zimmerman Nicol

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>> Download Ebook 1634: The Ram Rebellion (The Ring of Fire), by Eric Flint, Virginia DeMarce

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The Thirty Years War continues to ravage 17th century Europe, but a new force is gathering power and influence: the Confederated Principalities of Europe, an alliance between Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, and the West Virginians from the 20th century led by Mike Stearns who were hurled centuries into the past by a mysterious cosmic accident. Inspired by the example of American freedom and justice, a movement in Franconia among the peasants, who have revolted several times even before the arrival from the future of the town of Grantville, an independent revolutionary movement has arisen, flying the banner of the head of a ram. The West Virginians fully approve of liberating the peasants from the nobility, but they are also aware of how revolutionary movements can lead to bloodbaths. And avoiding that deadly possibility will require all of their future knowledge and all their plain old American horse-trading diplomacy. . . .

• Sales Rank: #385213 in Books
• Brand: Flint, Eric/ Demarce, Virginia
• Model: 3587633
• Published on: 2007-11-27
• Released on: 2007-11-27
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 6.75" h x 1.20" w x 4.19" l, .73 pounds
• Binding: Mass Market Paperback
• 720 pages

Review
"[Flint takes] historic speculation to a new level in a tale that combines accurate historical research with bold leaps of the imagination. Fans of alternate history and military sf should enjoy this rousing tale of adventure and intrigue."

About the Author

Eric Flint is the author of the New York Times best seller 1634: The Galileo Affair (with Andrew Dennis)—a novel in his top-selling “Ring of Fire” alternate history series. His first novel for Baen, Mother of Demons, was picked by Science Fiction Chronicle as a best novel of the year. His 1632, which launched the ring of Fire series, won widespread critical praise, as from Publishers Weekly, which called him “an SF author of particular note, one who can entertain and edify in equal, and major, measure.” A longtime labor union activist with a Master’s Degree in history, he currently resides in northwest Indiana with his wife Lucille.


Virginia DeMarce, after jobs as peculiar as counting raisins for the Calif. Dept. of Agriculture, received her Ph.D. in Early Modern European History from Stanford University. She has published a book on German military settlers in Canada after the American Revolution and has served as president of the National Genealogical Society. She taught at Northwest Missouri State University and at George Mason University. She has had stories in the Ring of Fire anthology and Grantville Gazette (#1), and more stories in the online Grantville Gazettes. She has three grown children and five grandchildren, and lives in Arlington, VA, with her husband.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
I can't recommend it.
By Lindsey Brooks
Complicated, convoluted, confusing and not really very interesting either. Its origin as an accumulation of short stories is very obvious and the somewhat tenuous plot line designed to bring them together doesn't really work. The characters are largely uninteresting, as well as pretty one-dimensional, and the events in which they are involved are not only boring but also far too complex to be able to look upon the book as a relaxing read. It was hard going from the beginning right through to the end and has put me off reading further stories. Neither did I find it particularly well written.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
I found the entire premise uninteresting and dull. Mr
By George A. Nesbitt
I found the entire premise uninteresting and dull. Mr. Flint is usually an extremely interesting and competent author so I can only assume that this fiasco is the responsibility of the listed co-author. Needless to say, I will avoid the works of Virginia DeMarce in the future.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The Ram Rebellion needed more editing
By Kindle Customer
Some of the stories in here are great and others are just heavy reading. The editor needed to remove some of the preachy and slow moving ones which unfortunately make up over half the book. The first stores about Brillo the Ram are hilarious and as a sheep raiser (Romney and Border Leicester) I can vouch for their authenticity. I too have had problems with tricky rams who want to breed when you don't want them to. Ewes have no concept of a standard and are going to breed who they want if you give them a choice or they can make one. After we get away from Brillo and his escapades and the musical that is made by the drama club on him which is quite entertaining,it got boring very quickly. There are one or two more stories after that that are good but the rest unfortunately are not. If you are looking for an irreplacable part of the alternate history being created by Eric Flint you can skip this one because it is only going to get a slight mention in the other main stories such as The Baltic War.

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>> Download Still Failing at Fairness: How Gender Bias Cheats Girls and Boys in School and What We Can Do About It, by David Sadker, Karen R. Zittlema

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Despite decades of effort to create fair classrooms and schools, gender bias is alive and well, and in some ways growing. School practices continue to send boys and girls down different life paths, too often treating them not as different genders but as different species. Teachers and parents often miss the subtle signs of sexism in classrooms. Through firsthand observations and up-to-the-minute research, Still Failing at Fairness brings the gender issue into focus.

The authors provide an in-depth account of how girls' and boys' educations are compromised from elementary school through college, and offer practical advice for teachers and parents who want to make a positive difference. The authors examine today's pressing issues -- the lack of enforcement for Title IX, the impact of the backlash against gender equity, the much-hyped "boys' crisis," hardwired brain differences, and the recent growth of singlesex public schools. This book documents how teaching, current testing practices, and subtle cultural attitudes continue to short-circuit both girls and boys of every race, social class, and ethnicity. Hard-hitting and remarkably informative, Still Failing at Fairness is "a fascinating look into America's classrooms" (National Association of School Psychologists).

• Sales Rank: #197400 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Scribner
• Published on: 2009-04-28
• Released on: 2009-04-28
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.10" w x 6.00" l, .85 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 384 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"We need many more books like this one that draw into the foreground the fact that sexism in the schools is crippling America's leadership and productivity." -- Naomi Wolf, author of The Beauty Myth

"Provides hard evidence of the discrimination women face from the first day of school." -- Patricia Ireland, former president, National Organization for Women

"Required reading for anyone interested in sex bias." -- The New York Times

"An eye-opener for any parent or teacher truly interested in equality." -- San Francisco Chronicle

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Leighann Cannon
Great book. Excellent for teachers with or without experience.

13 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
This book is STILL telling it like it is - despite how we don't like it
By Seattle Person Who Loves Anime and Classic Film
More than ten years ago, in the mid 90's, the Sadkers did an expansive as well as longitudinal study of gender bias, ethnic bias and other forms of stereotyping and their effects in our public school systems -- from grade school through college. What they found was appalling, and perhaps more tragic, was the that the situation wasn't being recognized by teachers, administrators or parents - though to their credit, the teachers were horrified that they were inadvertantly sending such messages. However, the children knew and their stark responses to the gender and ethnic inequalities they felt showed that even as grade school children they already knew.

Ten years later, in the mid-2000's Sadker and Zittleman decided to revisit all the data and update their report with current research. Sadly, they didn't find much improvement. They did find improvement, but as the mountain of current research still shows, things have not improved much.

Please don't let dismissive reviews fool you. The folks doing this kind of research know that the Sadkers work is VERY up-to-date and is backed up by hundreds of other papers and studies that still show how far we have to go before more than half our population is allowed to be considered equal and is encouraged to achieve their full potential.

Don't believe me? Try looking at Hanson's Lost Talent, another book from the 90s or more recently, Hall's 'Who's Afraid of Madam Curie', or better yet, just do a Google Scholar search for 'gender bias' or 'stereotypes' and you'll find more than enough 'current' proof that things have not improved.

The less we try to convince ourselves that everything is just peachy, the better off we'll be -- and the better off our educational system will be. This book isn't about blame, it's about fixing the problem so we all can have a better future.

Who am I? I'm a gender bias researcher concentrating on getting more girls involved in science and engineering, and have just compiled over 100 different research papers on the problem -- almost all of them are from 2000 to 2011. And they back up the Sadkers 100%.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The book presents really good arguments about gender and how there is still work ...
By Cas
The book presents really good arguments about gender and how there is still work to do in the classroom setting. There is definitely a bias towards the female gender -- I wish more information was provided regarding male based stereotypes and unfair treatment that we should be aware of in the classroom.

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~ Ebook Antony and Cleopatra: A Novel (Masters of Rome), by Colleen McCullough

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A sweeping epic of ancient Rome from the #1 bestselling author of The Thorn Birds

In this breathtaking follow-up to The October Horse, Colleen McCullough turns her attention to the legendary romance of Antony and Cleopatra, and in this timeless tale of love, politics, and power, proves once again that she is the best historical novelist of our time.

Caesar is dead, and Rome is, again, divided. Lepidus has retreated to Africa, while Antony rules the opulent East, and Octavian claims the West, the heart of Rome, as his domain. Though this tense truce holds civil war at bay, Rome seems ripe for an emperor -- a true Julian heir to lay claim to Caesar's legacy. With the bearing of a hero, and the riches of the East at his disposal, Antony seems poised to take the prize. Like a true warrior-king, he is a seasoned general whose lust for power burns alongside a passion for women, feasts, and Chian wine. His rival, Octavian, seems a less convincing candidate: the slight, golden-haired boy is as controlled as Antony is indulgent and as cool-headed and clear-eyed as Antony is impulsive. Indeed, the two are well matched only in ambition.

And though politics and war are decidedly the provinces of men in ancient Rome, women are adept at using their wits and charms to gain influence outside their traditional sphere. Cleopatra, the ruthless, golden-eyed queen, welcomes Antony to her court and her bed but keeps her heart well guarded. A ruler first and a woman second, Cleopatra has but one desire: to place her child on his father, Julius Caesar's, vacant throne. Octavian, too, has a strong woman by his side: his exquisite wife, raven-haired Livia Drusilla, who learns to wield quiet power to help her husband in his quest for ascendancy. As the plot races toward its inevitable conclusion -- with battles on land and sea -- conspiracy and murder, love and politics become irrevocably entwined.

McCullough's knowledge of Roman history is detailed and extensive. Her masterful and meticulously researched narrative is filled with a cast of historical characters whose motives, passions, flaws, and insecurities are vividly imagined and expertly drawn. The grandeur of ancient Rome comes to life as a timeless human drama plays out against the dramatic backdrop of the Republic's final days.

• Sales Rank: #287431 in Books
• Brand: Simon & Schuster
• Model: 4693918
• Published on: 2008-12-02
• Released on: 2008-12-02
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.25" h x 1.60" w x 6.12" l, 1.35 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 567 pages

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From Publishers Weekly
McCullough (The Thorn Birds; The October Horse) continues her Masters of Rome series with a chronicle of one of history's most infamous love affairs. After the death of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Caesar's ambitious and brash cousin, and Octavian, Caesar's adopted son and designated heir, agree to jointly administer the far-flung empire: Antony in the East and Octavian in the West. It's not a happy arrangement, though, and their rivalry to rule Rome is the overarching theme of this sprawling, captivating saga. After a disastrous campaign to subdue the Parthians, Antony turns to Cleopatra, the enigmatic and fabulously wealthy queen of Egypt, to replenish his war chest. Determined to make Caesarion, her son by Julius Caesar, ruler of Rome, Cleopatra seduces Antony and soon has him as soft as a mushy pudding. Meanwhile, with the aid of his wife and Marcus Agrippa, Octavian secures his position in Rome and Italia. Prodded by Cleopatra, Antony gathers his forces in Greece for an invasion of Italia. The tragic denouement is, in McCullough's capable hands, no less compelling for being so well known. As with the previous volumes in this series, the author's scholarship and larger-than-life characters bring a tempestuous Rome to life. (Dec.)
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Review
"[A] sprawling, captivating saga.... The tragic denouement is, in McCullough's capable hands, no less compelling for being so well known. As with the previous volumes in the series, the author's scholarship and larger-than-life characters bring a tempestuous Rome to life." -- Publishers Weekly

About the Author
Colleen McCullough, a native of Australia, established the department of neurophysiology at the Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney before working as a researcher at Yale Medical School for ten years. She is the bestselling author of numerous novels, including The Thorn Birds, and lives with her husband on Norfolk Island in the South Pacific.

Most helpful customer reviews

75 of 76 people found the following review helpful.
Bring a massive saga to a close.
By Rebecca Huston
Forget, if you can, all of the stories that you've read or seen about the fabled Queen of the Nile, Cleopatra, the last Pharaoh of Egypt. Try if you can, not to see her as a voluptuous Elizabeth Taylor or enchanting Vivien Leigh or as some grand beauty. She's not in these pages. Not at all.

Instead, Colleen McCullough's final epic in her multivolume tale of the end of the Roman Republic takes an entirely new spin on the story. Nor does she forget the rest of the vivid cast that populate the story, from Octavian -- now calling himself Caesar -- and his sister, Octavia, and Mark Antony, Julius Caesar's former friend and now determined to make himself just as great as slain dictator. But there are plenty of minor players as well, and all of them are given a voice in this sprawling novel that travels from Rome to Egypt, the mountains of Armenia and as far as Parthia in the East.

The novel covers from Antony and Cleopatra?s fateful meeting in Ephesus, and goes all the way to the final, fateful end for both of them. While the story is certainly familiar, in McCullough?s capable hands, it takes on entirely new forms. Most of all it?s Octavian that takes center stage, evolving into the man that history considers the first Emperor of Rome, and his friendship with Marcus Agrippa. There?s also his family, namely the two vital women in his life ? Octavia, who might understand Octavian better than anyone, and the very clever Livia Drusilla, who most readers will remember from the 70?s BBC series, I, Claudius.

So begins a war of wills and manipulation by one of the more famous romantic couples in history. McCullough creates some of the most unusual characters that I've come across in a long time, and ones that forced me to fling aside all of my preconcieved notions of this often told story.

There are battles, conspiracies, romance, conniving, and some outrageous puns, all dished up in McCullough's style. This novel fits in very neatly with the rest of the series, and it's a grand, eye-opening adventure for the reader. While some of the action in the book is rather compressed -- most of the battles, including that of Actium towards the end -- the psychological base and giving a new spin on history is top notch.

This is what I really like about this series by McCullough. It's subtle, engaging and while she's not adverse about putting a bit of creativity in the story, she also knows her facts. It's here that makes her storytelling so good -- she creates characters that the reader can feel deeply about, and while you might not like them personally, they are compelling. Along the way, there's plenty of details about daily life, the way that the ancients looked at the world around them, and some deeply moving prose.

Indeed, one of scenes of the book is so heartbreaking that I broke down in tears. I don't do that very often and I had to set the book down and walk away for a moment before continuing to read.

For those who have managed to stay with the series from the begining, this one provides an adequate tying up of a lot of the loose strings from the previous work, The October Horse. While this book, as with all of the others, can stand well on its own, it really does help to know some of the previous action of the story. If the reader is already fond of novels set in Ancient Rome, this is simply one of the best.

A wonderful conclusion to the series, and worth the effort that it takes to get through it.

Five stars, and highly recommended, as are all of the Masters of Rome series.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Thanks Mrs. McCoullough
By Agustin Guerrero
I remember more than twelve years ago when I read my first book on the Masters of Rome series which was actually The Grass Crown, I confess I was a young engineer at the time working in an oil extracting operation in the middle of the Amazon Jungle and the only entertainment after work we got was either watching videos or reading. I found the book at our equipment trailer probably left behind by some other engineer and from the first pages I got hooked. When I was a child I was fond of reading history and was specially fascinated with everything roman, especially the legions and generals, after in college I lost interest and pursued engineering and math and everything technical so the book was like finding again a lost pleasure. Since then I devoured everything I could get my hands on historical novels starting with the complete Masters of Rome series. More than twelve years ago and not having anticipated this as after writing The October Horse, Mrs. McCoullogh was supposed to abandon this subject and pursue other literary subjects I was pleasantly informed that she had written Anthony and Cleopatra. Needless to say I rushed to get my copy and was not disappointed. I am not a literary critic and have little to say about style or prose but about historical consistency, depth of character and bringing to life a bygone era, Mrs. McCoullough does not dissapoint. I have read historical novels from many authors includind Pressfield, Ford, Graves and others but still consider Colleen McCoullough my favorite writer, especially in the way she makes her characters come alive and makes you care for them. In this book although the subject has been dealt with by many authors and also has been taken to theater and movies and is a well known story, I found that in the capable hands of Mrs. McCoullough this was not at all a dry subject and I could appreciate and learn from many historical details I was unaware at the time. This is a great book and I thoroughly enjoy it and recommend it. For war buffs maybe the details of battles are sketchy but the insight you gain in the mentallity and motives of the main characters more than makes up for this. I want to thank Colleen McCoullough on reawakening in me the love of literature and the love for history, I am an avid reader and fan.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A Great read! I would recommend this read to those ...
By sportscarguy
A Great read! I would recommend this read to those that want to know the true story of Antony & Cleopatra

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